Kazem Afkhamisaddoghi, the driver of a bus carrying 20 schoolgirls that was almost flattened when it drove into the path of a truck has been charged with dangerous.Victoria Falls Wikipedia.Victoria Falls Tokaleya Tonga Mosi oa Tunya, The Smoke that Thunders is a waterfall in southern Africa on the Zambezi River at the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe.It has been described by CNN as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the world.The 20 mustsee films of Fall 2017 include Stephen King adaptations, MarvelDC superhero adventures, Star Wars movies, awards contenders and moreName originsedit.David Livingstone gazing upon the Falls, in bronze, from the Zambian shore.David Livingstone, the Scottish missionary and explorer, is believed to have been the first European to view Victoria Falls on 1.November 1. 85. 5, from what is now known as Livingstone Island, one of two land masses in the middle of the river, immediately upstream from the falls near the Zambian shore.Livingstone named his discovery in honour of Queen Victoria of Britain, but the indigenous Tonga name, Mosi oa TunyaThe Smoke That Thunderscontinues in common usage as well.The World Heritage List officially recognizes both names.The nearby national park in Zambia is named Mosi oa Tunya,3 whereas the national park and town on the Zimbabwean shore are both named Victoria Falls.Victoria Falls seen from Zimbabwe in July.While it is neither the highest nor the widest waterfall in the world, Victoria Falls is classified as the largest, based on its combined width of 1,7.Victoria Falls is roughly twice the height of North Americas Niagara Falls and well over twice the width of its Horseshoe Falls.In height and width Victoria Falls is rivalled only by Argentina and Brazils Iguazu Falls.See table for comparisons.For a considerable distance upstream from the falls, the Zambezi flows over a level sheet of basalt, in a shallow valley, bounded by low and distant sandstone hills.The rivers course is dotted with numerous tree covered islands, which increase in number as the river approaches the falls.There are no mountains, escarpments, or deep valleys only a flat plateau extending hundreds of kilometres in all directions.The falls are formed as the full width of the river plummets in a single vertical drop into a transverse chasm 1.The depth of the chasm, called the First Gorge, varies from 8.The only outlet to the First Gorge is a 1.The whole volume of the river pours into the Victoria Falls gorges from this narrow cleft.There are two islands on the crest of the falls that are large enough to divide the curtain of water even at full flood Boaruka Island or Cataract Island near the western bank, and Livingstone Island near the middlethe point from which Livingstone first viewed the falls.At less than full flood, additional islets divide the curtain of water into separate parallel streams.The main streams are named, in order from Zimbabwe west to Zambia east Devils Cataract8 called Leaping Water by some, Main Falls, Rainbow Falls the highest and the Eastern Cataract.The Zambezi river, upstream from the falls, experiences a rainy season from late November to early April, and a dry season the rest of the year.The rivers annual flood season is February to May with a peak in April,9 The spray from the falls typically rises to a height of over 4.At full moon, a moonbow can be seen in the spray instead of the usual daylight rainbow.During the flood season, however, it is impossible to see the foot of the falls and most of its face, and the walks along the cliff opposite it are in a constant shower and shrouded in mist.Close to the edge of the cliff, spray shoots upward like inverted rain, especially at Zambias Knife Edge Bridge.As the dry season takes effect, the islets on the crest become wider and more numerous, and in September to January up to half of the rocky face of the falls may become dry and the bottom of the First Gorge can be seen along most of its length.At this time it becomes possible though not necessarily safe to walk across some stretches of the river at the crest.It is also possible to walk to the bottom of the First Gorge at the Zimbabwean side.The minimum flow, which occurs in November, is around a tenth of the April figure this variation in flow is greater than that of other major falls, and causes Victoria Falls annual average flow rate to be lower than might be expected based on the maximum flow.The Associated Press delivers indepth coverage on todays Big Story including top stories, international, politics, lifestyle, business, entertainment, and more.Watch the Latest News.Videos including Featured News Videos and Sports Videos and News Highlights.View more News. com.Videos and Breaking News and Featured.Cracks On The Wall Dangerous Beauty' title='Cracks On The Wall Dangerous Beauty' />First Gorge, from Zambian side.The entire volume of the Zambezi River pours through the First Gorges 1.Water entering the Second Gorge makes a sharp right turn and has carved out a deep pool there called the Boiling Pot.Reached via a steep footpath from the Zambian side, it is about 1.Its surface is smooth at low water, but at high water is marked by enormous, slow swirls and heavy boiling turbulence.Cracks On The Wall Dangerous Beauty' title='Cracks On The Wall Dangerous Beauty' />Objects and humans that are swept over the falls, including the occasional hippopotamus or crocodile, are frequently found swirling about here or washed up at the north east end of the Second Gorge.This is where the bodies of Mrs Moss and Mr Orchard, mutilated by crocodiles, were found in 1.Long Island above the falls.The principal gorges are see reference for note about these measurements 1.First Gorge the one the river falls into at Victoria Falls.Second Gorge 2. 50 m south of falls, 2.Victoria Falls Bridge.Third Gorge 6. 00 m south, 1.Victoria Falls Power Station.Fourth Gorge 1. 1.Fifth Gorge 2. 5.Songwe Gorge 5. 3 km south, 3.Songwe River coming from the north east, and the deepest at 1.Formationedit. Satellite image showing the broad Zambezi falling into the narrow cleft and subsequent series of zigzagging gorges top of picture is north.Falls. The recent geological history of Victoria Falls can be seen in the form of the gorges below the falls.The basalt plateau over which the Upper Zambezi flows has many large cracks filled with weaker sandstone.In the area of the current falls the largest cracks run roughly east to west some run nearly north east to south west, with smaller north south cracks connecting them.Over at least 1. 00,0.Batoka Gorges, eroding the sandstone filled cracks to form the gorges.The rivers course in the current vicinity of the falls is north to south, so it opens up the large east west cracks across its full width, then it cuts back through a short north south crack to the next east west one.The river has fallen in different eras into different chasms which now form a series of sharply zig zagging gorges downstream from the falls.Apart from some dry sections, the Second to Fifth and the Songwe Gorges each represents a past site of the falls at a time when they fell into one long straight chasm as they do now.Their sizes indicate that we are not living in the age of the widest ever falls.The falls have already started cutting back the next major gorge, at the dip in one side of the Devils Cataract also known as Leaping Waters section of the falls.This is not actually a north south crack, but a large east northeast line of weakness across the river, where the next full width falls will eventually form.Further geological history of the course of the Zambezi River is in the article of that name.Pre colonial historyeditArchaeological sites around the falls have yielded Homo habilis stone artifacts from 3 million years ago,citation needed 5.Middle Stone Age tools and Late Stone Age 1.Iron using Khoisanhunter gatherers displaced these Stone Age people and in turn were displaced by Bantu tribes such as the southern Tonga people known as the BatokaTokalea, who called the falls Shungu na mutitima.The Matabele, later arrivals, named them a.Manz a. Thunqayo, and the Batswana and Makololo whose language is used by the Lozi people call them Mosi o Tunya.All these names mean essentially the smoke that thunders.A map from c. 1. 75.Jacques Nicolas Bellin for Abb Antoine Franois Prevost dExiles marks the falls as cataractes and notes a settlement to the north of the Zambezi as being friendly with the Portuguese at the time.Earlier still Nicolas de Fers 1.Africa has the fall clearly marked in the correct position.It also has dotted lines denoting trade routes that David Livingstone followed 1.The first European to see the falls was David Livingstone on 1.November 1. 85. 5, during his 1. Daemon Daemon Tools Pro 4 3 Works On Win7 Wallpaper . Zambezi to the mouth of the river.The falls were well known to local tribes, and Voortrekker hunters may have known of them, as may the Arabs under a name equivalent to the end of the world.Europeans were sceptical of their reports, perhaps thinking that the lack of mountains and valleys on the plateau made a large falls unlikely.
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